ABSTRACT
Among the different metabolites found in the Passiflora species, flavonoids have been related to some of thetherapeutic effects of these plants. In the case of Passiflora ligularis, the presence of these metabolites has beenrelated to a promising hypoglycemic effect. This study aimed to optimize the total flavonoid content of P. ligularisleaf extract to improve its therapeutic activity. The effect of three variables (ethanol percentage, temperature, andtime) on the ultrasound-assisted flavonoid extraction was evaluated by means of response surface methodology. Theeffect of increasing the flavonoid content on the extract activity was evaluated with an in vitro antiglycation assayand an in vivo glucose tolerance test in mice. The optimal extraction conditions were 63% ethanol, 70ºC, and 33minutes. The predicted maximum flavonoid yield (57.77 mg-equivalent isoquercetin/g dry extract) correlated with theexperimental value (59.76 ± 1.90 mg-equivalent isoquercetin/g dry extract) and the extraction process proved to behighly reproducible, suggesting that ultrasound-assisted extraction is a simple, inexpensive, and effective alternativetechnique for the extraction of flavonoids in Passiflora species. Moreover, the optimized extract exhibited the highestantiglycation activity against all the experimental design treatments and showed an enhanced hypoglycemic effect inmice compared to a traditionally extracted beverage.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to characterize a fermented yogurt-type milk drink that was elaborated from whey with the addition of aloe vera crystals and granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss). Four formulations for characterization were obtained: F1 (control), F2 (5% aloe vera and 15% granadilla), F3 (10% aloe vera and 10% granadilla) and F4 (15% aloe vera and 5% granadilla). Next, a sensory evaluation through a hedonic test was conducted to choose the formulation with the highest acceptance. After the best formulation was chosen, a bromatological and syneresis characterization was performed. The F4 sample had the best results in the sensory evaluation. Compared to the F1 sample, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in all parameters except in total carbohydrates was observed for the bromatological analysis. In the percentage of syneresis, at the end of the 15 days, F4 presented a lower value in this parameter with respect to the control sample. It could be determined that the higher percentage of aloe vera and the lower percentage of granadilla had a big influence on the parameters evaluated, where it presented the best results compared to the other samples evaluated.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar una bebida láctea fermentada tipo yogur que se elaboró a partir de lactosuero con la adición de cristales de aloe vera y granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss). Se obtuvieron cuatro formulaciones para la caracterización: F1 (control), F2 (5% de aloe vera y 15% de granadilla), F3 (10% de aloe vera y 10% de granadilla) y F4 (15% de aloe vera y 5% de granadilla). A continuación, se realizó una evaluación sensorial mediante una prueba hedónica para elegir la formulación de mayor aceptación. Una vez elegida la mejor formulación, se realizó una caracterización bromatológica y de sinéresis. La muestra F4 obtuvo los mejores resultados en la evaluación sensorial. En comparación con la muestra F1, se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) en todos los parámetros, excepto en los carbohidratos totales. En el porcentaje de sinéresis, al final de los 15 días, F4 presentó un valor inferior en este parámetro con respecto a la muestra de control. Se pudo determinar que el mayor porcentaje de aloe vera y el menor porcentaje de granadilla influyeron mucho en los parámetros evaluados, en los que presentó los mejores resultados en comparación con las otras muestras evaluadas.
Subject(s)
Passiflora , Milk , Aloe , Food Analysis , Fermented Foods , Taste , WheyABSTRACT
The Lonchaeidae family comprises species that are considered of major economic importance due of their damage in several crops. In sweet passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss), these flies cause high infestation in flower buds and fruits, however only a few basic studies about the species associated with the damage are available. Samples of flower buds and fruits were taken and McPhail trap baits with Torula yeast were placed in sweet passion fruit orchards in Oxapampa (Pasco, Peru) in 20152016. In addition, other hosts were collected in this period. We found Dasiops inedulis Steykal infesting the flower buds, while Dasiops frieseni Norrbom & McAlpine infesting sweet passion fruits. Moreover, other Lonchaeidae-hosts interactions are related. Through Torula yeast baits, 14 species of lance flies were detected and high numbers of D. inedulis specimens were captured.(AU)
A família Lonchaeidae inclui espécies que são consideradas de grande importância econômica devido aos seus danos em diferentes cultivos. No maracujá-doce (Passiflora ligularis Juss), essas moscas causam altas infestações em botões florais e frutos, tendo ainda poucos estudos sobre as espécies associadas aos danos. Amostragem de botões florais e frutos foram realizadas e armadilhas McPhail com levedura de Torula foram colocadas em fazendas de maracujá em Oxapampa (Pasco, Peru) durante os anos de 2015 e 2016. Além disso, outros hospedeiros foram coletados nesse período. Nós encontramos Dasiops inedulis Steykal infestando botões florais e Dasiops frieseni Norrbom & McAlpine em frutos de maracujá-doce. Além disso, outras interações Lonchaeidae-hospedeiro são relacionadas. Mediante iscas de levedura de Torula, 14 espécies de Lonchaeidae foram detectadas e altos números de espécimes de D. inedulis foram capturados.(AU)
Subject(s)
Passiflora , Diptera , Peru , Mycoses/virologyABSTRACT
Objetivo. Estandarizar un protocolo de extracción de ADN eficiente y preciso para Passiflora ligualaris. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron dos métodos de extracción de ADN y dos tipos de tejido de Passiflora ligularis en términos de pureza, calidad y cantidad de ADN obtenido, al igual que su aplicabilidad en técnicas moleculares basadas en PCR como los RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). La cuantificación de ADN se realizó mediante espectrofotometría de absorbancia a una longitud de onda de 260nm (A260) usando el espectrofotómetro Beckman Du® 530, de igual manera se obtuvo una estimación de la pureza del ADN por medio de la relación de absorbancia (A260/A280nm). Las variables analizadas en este estudio fueron: el método de extracción (A) y el tipo de tejido (B), con el fin de definir la influencia que éstas tuvieron en la pureza y cantidad de ADN extraído. Para el estudio de estas variables se usó un diseño aleatorio con arreglo factorial 2 x 2...
Extraction of high quality DNA of Passiflora ligularis for its analysis with molecular markers. Objective. To standardize a precise and efficient DNA isolation protocol of Passiflora ligularis. Materials and methods. Two methods of DNA extraction and two different tissues of Passiflora ligularis were evaluated in terms of purity, quality and quantity of DNA yield, as well as DNA's suitability for molecular techniques based on PCR such as RAPDs. Quantification of DNA was done using absorbance spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 260nm (A260) with a Beckman Du ® 530 spectrophotometer. An estimate of the DNA's purity was obtained using the absorbance ratio (A260 / A280 nm). The variables analyzed in this study were the extraction method (A) and the tissue type (B), in order to define their influence on the purity and quantity of the DNA extracted. For the study of these variables a random design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement wasused. Results. The average quantities of DNA obtained with the modified method of Mc Couch et al. (1988) and the modified method of Doyle & Doyle (1991) method were 778.9 µg/ml and 660.1 µg/ml respectively for dry tissue. Averages with fresh tissue were 1543.3 µg/ml and 820.4 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion. Based upon our results we suggest the use of Mc Couch et al. (1988) method with fresh leaftissue to obtain a high quality DNA suitable to be used with RAPDs molecular markers...
Aperfeiçoamento da extração do DNA de Passiflora ligularis para análise através de marcadores moleculares. Objetivo. Padronizar um protocolo de extração eficiente e preciso do DNA para Passiflora ligularis. Materiais e métodos. Avaliaram-se dois métodos deextração do DNA em dois tipos de tecido de Passiflora ligularis em termos de pureza, qualidade e quantidade do DNA obtido, assim como, sua aplicabilidade em técnicas moleculares baseadas em PCR como os RAPD. A quantificação do DNA realizou-se mediante espectrofotometria de absorbância numa longitude de onda de 260nm (A260) usando o espectrofotômetro Beckman DU® 530, em formasimilar, obteve-se uma estimação da pureza do DNA por meio da relação de absorbância (A260/A280nm). As variáveis analisadas neste estudo foram: o método de extração (A) e o tipo de tecido (B), com a finalidade de definir a influência que estas tiveram na pureza e quantidade do DNA extraído. Para o estudo destas variáveis empregou-se um desenho aleatório com arranjo fatorial 2 X 2. Resultados. Aquantidade media do DNA obtido com o método de Mc Couch et al (1988) modificado e Doyle & Doyle (1991) modificado, foi 778,9 µg/ml y 660,1 µg/ml respectivamente para o tecido seco; para o tecido fresco as medias foram 1543,3 µg/ml e 820,4 µg/ml respectivamente.Conclusão. Considerando os resultados obtidos propõe-se que com o método de Mc Couch et al (1988) e utilizando tecido folhar fresco obteve-se um DNA de ótima qualidade para ser utilizado nos marcadores RAPD...